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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vvia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы всеобщей истории архитектуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Questions of the History of World Architecture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0616</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИУ МГСУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/2500-0616.2023.21.59-80</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vvia-105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Архитектура Древнего мира и Средних веков</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Ancient and Medieval Architecture</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Западный фасад притвора/жаматуна церкви Тиграна Оненца в Ани: к вопросу о распространении формы трибелона в странах Закавказья и на востоке Византии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The western facade of the zhamatun of the church of Tigran Honents in Ani: Toward the spread of the tribelon shape in the countries of the Transcaucasia and in the east of Byzantium</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казарян</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazaryan</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казарян Армен Юрьевич, доктор искусствоведения, академик РААСН, почетный член РАХ, иностранный член НАН Армении; директор Института архитектуры и градостроительства; ведущий научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazaryan Armen, Dr. in the History of Arts, academician of RAASN, honorary academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, and the member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences; Director; Senior researcher</p><p>Yaroslavskoe Shosse, 26, 129337, Moscow </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">armenkazaryan@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ); Государственный институт искусствознания Министерства культуры РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University); State Institute for Art Studies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2 (21)</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>80</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Казарян А.Ю., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казарян А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazaryan A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vvia.mgsu.ru/jour/article/view/105">https://vvia.mgsu.ru/jour/article/view/105</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье развивается исследование необычного памятника архитектуры в Ани — притвора (жаматуна или гавита) середины XIII в. церкви Сурб Григор Лусаворич, построенной Тиграном Оненцом. Задачи этой части исследования сосредоточены на выявлении происхождения трехарочной композиции на западном фасаде этой постройки, в связи с чем прослеживаются предшествующие варианты применения близких композиций трехчастного входного проема, выявляются внесенные анийским зодчим новые черты и анализируются дальнейшие пути распространения этой формы, названной автором трибелоном в связи с ее подобием аналогично именуемым античным образцам.</p><p>На примере развития данной архитектурной формы в эпохи развитого и позднего Средневековья показана связь между архитектурными традициями христианских народов разных конфессий в странах Закавказья и соседствовавшей с ними Трапезундской византийской империи, а также обращено внимание на роль анийских мастеров, возводивших притвор одного из важнейших монастырей армян-халкидонитов.</p><p>В отличие от большинства византийских трибелонов, располагавшихся между нартексом и наосом, трехчастная форма входа в анийском памятнике оказалась на внешней границе гавита/портика/притвора. Такое решение присутствовало в редких ранневизантийских храмах и в Ереруйкской базилике V–VI вв., западный фасад которой, как и портики храма царя Баграта в Кутаиси (первая пол. XI в.), могли послужить подсказками создателям открытого гавита церкви Сурб Григор в Ани. Значение трибелона этой анийской церкви в дальнейшем развитии зодчества в регионе раскрывается в результате его сравнения с ближайшим аналогом в армяно-халкидонитском монастыре Кобайр, с портиками собора Св. Софии в Трапезунде, с монументальными воротами Орта-капы южной стены Дербентской крепости и другими произведениями. Одними из звеньев начальной фазы развития трибелона в регионе предложено считать портики кутаисского храма Баграта начала XI в.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article develops a study of an unusual architectural monument in Ani — the mid-13th century narthex (zhamatun or gavit) of the church of St. Grigor Lusavorich, constructed by Tigran Honenets. The tasks of this part of the study are focused on the origin of the triple arcade composition on the west faсade of this building, in connection with previous similar versions of the triple arcade entrances. Also, new features introduced by the architect of Ani are revealed and further ways of spreading this form, named by the author tribelon in connection with its just like and the similarly called antique samples.</p><p>Using the example of the development of this architectural form in the epochs of the High and Late Middle Ages, the relations between the architectural traditions of Christian peoples of different confessions in the countries of Transcaucasia and the neighboring Trebizond Byzantine Empire is shown, and attention is also drawn to the role of the Ani’s craftsmen who erected the porch of one of the most important monasteries of the Chalcedonian Armenians.</p><p>Unlike the most part of the Byzantine tribelons, which were located between the narthex and the Naos, the triple arcade entrance in the complex of the church of Tigran Honenets created on the outer border of the gavit/portico/narthex. Such a solution was present in rare Byzantine churches and in the Yereruyk Basilica of the 5th–6th centuries, as well as in the portiques of the Cathedral of Bagrat in Kutaisi of the first half of the 11th century. Both these constructions could be the prompt message for the builders of the gavit of the church of St. Grigor in Ani. The significance of the tribelon of this monument in future development of architecture of the region is revealed by its comparison with its closest counterpart in the Armenian-Chalcedonian monastery of Kobayr, with the porticos of St. Sophia Cathedral in Trebizond, and with the monumental gates of the Orta-Kapy of the southern wall of the Derbent fortress and other works. The Bagrat’s Cathedral in Kutaisi, of the beginning of the 11th century, could been the link of the initial phase of tribelon’s development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>армянская архитектура Средних веков</kwd><kwd>армяне-халкидониты</kwd><kwd>Ани</kwd><kwd>церковь Тиграна Оненца</kwd><kwd>притвор</kwd><kwd>жаматун</kwd><kwd>трибелон</kwd><kwd>Трапезундская империя</kwd><kwd>Эрзерум</kwd><kwd>Дербент</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Armenian architecture of the Middle Ages</kwd><kwd>Chalcedonian Armenians</kwd><kwd>Ani</kwd><kwd>church of Tigran Honents</kwd><kwd>narthex</kwd><kwd>zhamatun</kwd><kwd>tribelon</kwd><kwd>Trebizond Empire</kwd><kwd>Erzurum</kwd><kwd>Derbent</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артамонов 1946 — Артамонов М.И. Древний Дербент (Предварительное сообщение) // Советская археология. № 8. 1946. 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