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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vvia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы всеобщей истории архитектуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Questions of the History of World Architecture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0616</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИУ МГСУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22227/2500-0616.2024.22.59-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vvia-117</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Архитектура Древнего мира и Средних веков</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Ancient and Medieval Architecture</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возвращаясь к очерку Иосифа Орбели «Мусульманские изразцы». Художественные особенности каменных мозаик в декоре армянских памятников XIII–XIV веков и их исламские параллели</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Returning to the essay of Joseph Orbeli “Muslim tiles”. Artistic peculiarities of stone mosaics in the decor of armenian monuments of the 13th–14th centuries and their islamic parallels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микаелян</surname><given-names>Л. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikayelyan</surname><given-names>L. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Микаелян Лилит Шаваршевна, искусствовед, преподаватель Института востоковедения</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikayelyan Lilit, art historian, lecturer at the Institute of Oriental Studies</p><p>Hovsep Emin St., 123, 0051, Yerevan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mikayelyan.lilit@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российско-армянский университет</institution><country>Армения</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian-Armenian University</institution><country>Armenia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1 (22)</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Микаелян Л.Ш., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Микаелян Л.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikayelyan L.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vvia.mgsu.ru/jour/article/view/117">https://vvia.mgsu.ru/jour/article/view/117</self-uri><abstract><p>Архитектура Армении XII–XIV вв. и, в частности, периода могущества Захаридов отличается большим размахом строительства, многообразием конструктивных решений и новизной скульптурного убранства. Среди декоративных средств эпохи отдельное место занимают инкрустации из разноцветных каменных плиток, а также их рельефные имитации на цельных блоках. Такие мозаичные наборы в основном украшали порталы церковных и светских построек, а также алтарные возвышения (арм. бем(а)) и плафоны. В них использовались туфовые плитки в форме звезд, ромбов, многогранников и т.д., гладких или покрытых орнаментальной резьбой, а иногда украшенных фигуративными изображениями. Декор из каменных мозаик имел определенные локальные проявления, обусловленные местными породами туфа, возможностями и традициями столичной архитектурной школы, а также вкусами правящих князей в каждом регионе Армении.</p><p>Композиционные схемы инкрустаций XIII–XIV вв., узоры их плиток и образы животных на ряде примеров перекликаются с единовременными исламскими изразцами, массовое производство которых было особенно налажено в Иране. Впервые на эти параллели армянских каменных наборов и керамических изразцов обратил внимание И. Орбели на основе открытий в столице Ани. В основе художественной и стилистической общности этих мозаик лежали в первую очередь тесные торговые, культурные контакты со странами Ближнего Востока. В то же время большое разнообразие видов инкрустаций и их имитаций в Армении говорит об оформлении своеобразной местной школы, во многом обусловленной обилием различного камня в стране и вековыми традициями работы с ним.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Armenian architecture of the 12th–14th centuries and in particular of the period of the Zakharids’ power, is distinguished by large-scale construction, a variety of constructive methods, new and rich sculptural decoration. Among the decorative means of the era inlays of multi-colored stone tiles stand out, as well as their relief imitations on big solid slabs. Such mosaic sets mainly adorned the portals of churches and secular buildings, as well as altar elevations (Arm. bem) and plafonds. Armenian masons used tuff tiles in the form of stars, rhombuses, polygons, etc., which were smooth or decorated with ornamental and sometimes figurative carving. Decor of the stone mosaics had certain local manifestations, determined by the tuff rocks of the area, the capabilities and traditions of the capital’s architectural school, as well as the tastes of the ruling princes in each region of Armenia.</p><p>Compositional schemes of the stone inlays, the tiles’ patterns and animal images on some examples echo simultaneous Islamic ceramic tiles, the mass production of which was especially established in Iran. For the first time, parallels between Armenian stone sets and ceramic tiles were revealed by J. Orbeli, based on discoveries in the capital Ani. The artistic and stylistic commonality of these mosaics was founded primarily on close trade and cultural contacts with the Near East countries. At the same time, the variety of inlay types and their imitations in Armenia testifies for formation of a distinctive local school, largely due to the abundance of various stone in the country and the centuries-old traditions of working with it.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>армянская средневековая архитектура</kwd><kwd>Ани</kwd><kwd>каменная мозаика</kwd><kwd>инкрустация</kwd><kwd>порталы</kwd><kwd>декоративные плитки</kwd><kwd>исламские изразцы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Medieval Armenian architecture</kwd><kwd>Ani</kwd><kwd>stone mosaic</kwd><kwd>inlay</kwd><kwd>portals</kwd><kwd>decorative ceramics</kwd><kwd>Islamic tiles</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Азатян 1987 — Азатян Ш.Р. Порталы в монументальной архитектуре Армении IV–XIV вв. 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