vviaВопросы всеобщей истории архитектурыQuestions of the History of World Architecture2500-0616НИУ МГСУ10.22227/2500-0616.2024.22.141-162vvia-122Research ArticleАрхитектура Нового и Новейшего времениArchitecture of Modern HistoryАрхитектура Москвы в исследовании британца Роберта Лайелла 1820-х годовThe architecture of Moscow in the study of the briton Robert Lyell in the 1820s.ЧекмарёвВ. М.ChekmarevV. M.

Чекмарев Владимир Михайлович, доктор искусствоведения, профессор кафедры «Основы архитектуры и художественных коммуникаций»Института архитектуры и градостроительства; ведущий научный сотрудник

Chekmarev Vladimir, Dr. in the History of Arts, Professor; Leading Researcher

Yaroslavskoye Shosse, 26, 129347, Moscow

timurahc@yandex.ruНациональный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет (НИУ МГСУ); филиал ФГБУ «ЦНИИП Минстроя РФ» Научно-исследовательский институт теории и истории архитектуры и градостроительства (НИИТИАГ)РоссияMoscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU); Scientific Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning – branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation (NIITIAG)Russian Federation20242806202401 (22)141162Copyright © Чекмарёв В.М., 20242024Чекмарёв В.М.Chekmarev V.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vvia.mgsu.ru/jour/article/view/122

В специальной литературе заявленная тема до сих пор не являлась предметом рассмотрения. Основываясь на содержании изданной в 1823 г. Р. Лайеллом в Лондоне богато иллюстрированной книги «Характеристика русских и подробная история Москвы. Иллюстрирована многочисленными гравюрами», удалось уточнить целый ряд вопросов, напрямую связанных с архитектурно-художественным своеобразием послепожарной Москвы.

Детально описывая застройку и благоустройство центральной части города, автор, прежде всего, акцентирует внимание на восстановленных после 1812 г. ансамблях Кремля и Красной площади с наиболее примечательными элементами их застройки, в том числе оказавшейся полностью утраченной во время французской оккупации. Цель исследования — дополнить историю послепожарной Москвы новыми свидетельствами и вполне конкретными данными заинтересованного иностранного исследователя, современника и очевидца, проработавшего в России около восьми лет, с 1815 по 1823 г. Это представляется особенно важным еще и потому, что при написании отдельных разделов книги автор опирался на опубликованные труды, изданные как в самой России, так и за границей.

В рамках данного исследования удалось прояснить архитектурные и визуальные особенности целого ряда московских зданий и сооружений, выстроенных в послепожарный период. В предлагаемой работе анализируются также и некоторые аспекты сугубо личного авторского восприятия послепожарной Москвы, так или иначе отражающие взгляд иностранца на историю русского зодчества.

In the specialized literature, the stated topic has not yet been the subject of targeted consideration. Based on the contents of the richly illustrated book “The character of the Russians and a detailed history of Moscow. Illustrated with numerous engravings” published in 1823 by R. Lyell in London. Illustrated with numerous engravings, it was possible to clarify a number of issues directly related to the architectural and artistic originality of post-war Moscow.

Describing in detail the building and landscaping of the central part of the city, the author first of all focuses on the ensembles of the Kremlin and the Red Square restored after 1812 with the most notable elements of their development, including the one that was completely lost during the French occupation. The purpose of the study is to supplement the history of post–fire Moscow with new evidence and quite specific data from an interested foreign researcher, contemporary and resident, who worked in Russia for about eight years, from 1815 to 1823. This seems especially important also because when writing separate sections of the book, the author relied on published works edited both in Russia and abroad.

Within the framework of this study, it was possible to clarify the architectural and visual peculiarities of a number of Moscow buildings and structures built in the post-fire period. The proposed work also analyzes some aspects of the author’s purely personal perception of post-fire Moscow, which somehow reflect a foreign view of the history of Russian architecture.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.