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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vvia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вопросы всеобщей истории архитектуры</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Questions of the History of World Architecture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0616</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИУ МГСУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CPMIQI</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vvia-15</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Архитектура Древнего мира и Средних веков</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Ancient and Medieval Architecture</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Минарет Джам. Вопросы иконографии архитектуры</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Jām Minaret. Questions of the Iconography of Architecture</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шукуров</surname><given-names>Ш. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shukurov</surname><given-names>Sh. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шукуров Шариф Мухаммадович, доктор искусствоведения, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shukurov Sharif, Dr. in the History of Arts, chief research worker </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ripsic@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт востоковедения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1 (18)</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шукуров Ш.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шукуров Ш.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shukurov S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vvia.mgsu.ru/jour/article/view/15">https://vvia.mgsu.ru/jour/article/view/15</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассказывается о ранее непредусмотренных горизонтах внутреннего смысла и иконографии известного минарета Джам в Афганистане. Для этого мы предпримем розыски в области ближневосточной мариологии, архитектурных открытий, а также теологических заострений, которые могли бы пролить свет на причины появления суры «Марьям» на минарете Джам.</p><p>Довольно ранним и весьма примечательным свидетельством архитектурно-теменологического образа связанного с Марьям, является ныне разрушенная «Седалищная церковь» (Кафизма или Kathisma) 470 г. в нескольких километрах от Иерусалима на пути в Вифлеем. В этом месте Мария присела на время на камень, из-под которого истекал источник воды. Уже в мусульманское время при раскопках этой церкви удалось обнаружить и михраб - церковь делилась между христианами и мусульманами, что являлось распространенным явлением в первые столетия исламской экспансии.</p><p>Мы не можем указать с точностью на трансцедентальный коранический текст, который бы существовал за пределами чувственного опыта мог в этом случае послужить реальным источником для этого отражения. Мы его не знаем.</p><p>Коран в своей трансцендентальной сущности, согласно традиции, ниспослан посредством божественного откровения в душу пророка Мухаммада. После смерти пророка была предпринята попытка кодификации Корана, которая состоялась при халифе Усмане (Коран Усмана). Отражением трансцедентальной сущности Корана является его виртуальный образ, актуализированный в речи пророка, кодифицированном списке Корана и, соответственно, во всех других копиях этой редакции.</p><p>Виртуально существующая сура Корана является источником для всех видов искусства. В особенности эта черта обнаруживается на тимуридской архитектуре, сплошь записанным фразами и сурами из Корана и сунны.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article tell about the previously unknown horizons of the internal meaning and iconography of the famous minaret Jam in Afghanistan. To do this, we will undertake searches in the field of Middle Eastern mariology, architectural discoveries, as well as theological sharpenings that could shed light on the reasons for the appearance of the Maryam sura on the Jam minaret.</p><p>Quite early and very remarkable evidence of the architectural and temenological image associated with Maryam is the now destroyed «Sciatic Church» (Kathisma or Kathisma) of 470, a few kilometers from Jerusalem on the way to Bethlehem, Maryam sat down for a while on a stone from under which a water source flowed.</p><p>Already in Muslim times, during the excavations of this church, it was possible to find a mihrab - the church was divided between Christians and Muslims, which was common in the first centuries of Islamic expansion.</p><p>We cannot point with precision to a transcendent Qur’anic text that would exist beyond sensual experience could in this case serve as a real source for this reflection. We don’t know him.</p><p>The Quran in its transcendental essence, according to tradition, is sent through divine revelation into the soul of the prophet Muhammad. After the death of the prophet, an attempt was made to codify the Quran, which took place under the caliph Usman (Quran of Usman). A reflection of the transcendent essence of the Quran is its virtual image, updated in the prophet’s speech, the codified list of the Quran and, accordingly, in all other copies of this edition.</p><p>The virtually existing sura of the Koran is a source for all types of art. In particular, this trait is found on Timurid architecture, entirely written in phrases and suras from the Koran and Sunna.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Минарет Джам</kwd><kwd>коранический и теменологический образ Марьям</kwd><kwd>Иерусалимский Храм</kwd><kwd>Кафизма</kwd><kwd>иконография архитектуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Minaret Jam</kwd><kwd>Quranic and temenological image of Maryam</kwd><kwd>Jerusalem Temple</kwd><kwd>Kathisma</kwd><kwd>iconography of architecture</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">'Аттар Фарид ал-Дин. Ман тик ал-Тайр. Тегеран, 1963 (на персид ском языке).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">'Аттар Фарид ал-Дин. Ман тик ал-Тайр. 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