The late Ottoman period (the Tanzimat period, 1860-1919) and the period of the French Mandate (1920- 1946) is a time of active European influence on all spheres of culture and public life in Syria and, in particular, Damascus. The spread of new cultural and everyday habits stimulates changes in the architecture of housing, the emergence of new types of social functions and the Europeanization of already existing spheres of public life requires updating the typology of buildings. One of the most indicative directions of the formation of a new typology was the architecture of medical institutions. Until the end of the 19th century, medical care in Damascus was carried out by traditional hospitals - bimaristans. The first European-type hospitals were opened at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries by representatives of charitable organizations and religious societies: the English hospital was founded by the Scottish English Society in 1896; the Danish hospital began to be built by the Danish Mission in 1924; French (1898) and Italian (1913) hospitals were also opened. The buildings of the new medical institutions of Damascus, built in the first quarter of the 20th century, had common typological features: compliance with European sanitary and hygienic standards; general principles of functional zoning, a combination of planning types with an extended central and one-way corridor; a significant area of buildings consisting of separate volumes; consideration of the special natural and climatic conditions of Syria. One of the characteristic techniques that distinguish all buildings is the organization of spacious hospital wards, each of which is a separate volume with window openings on three sides and, accordingly, through ventilation. The decorative decoration of the buildings is based on a combination of the stylistics of European architecture of the late 19th century and local artistic techniques.